How to Think – Book Summery

In the book How to Think, Alan Jacobs challenges the modern assumption that thinking is a solitary, purely rational act. Instead, he argues that real thinking is deeply social, emotional, and often uncomfortable. Through compelling stories—like that of Megan Phelps-Roper, who left an extremist church after engaging with critics—Jacobs shows that the path to better thinking begins with listening, humility, and empathy.

The book explores how group identity, social pressure, and emotional biases often cloud our reasoning. We’re drawn to communities that affirm our views (“attractions”) and repelled by those that challenge them (“repulsions”). Yet true thought arises when we resist tribal impulses and engage respectfully with opposing perspectives.

Jacobs warns against intellectual shortcuts like slogans, “lumping” people into categories, or obsessing over open-mindedness. Instead, he encourages developing “settled convictions” balanced by openness to change. In a world of echo chambers and outrage culture, Jacobs offers a refreshing call to cultivate thoughtfulness, curiosity, and intellectual courage.

The book ends with a practical “Thinking Person’s Checklist,” helping readers pause, reflect, and choose engagement over reaction. Ultimately, How to Think is not just about sharpening intellect—it’s about becoming a wiser, more generous human being.